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In numerical analysis, fixed-point iteration is a method of computing fixed points of a function.. More specifically, given a function defined on the real numbers with real values and given a point in the domain of , the fixed-point iteration is + = (), =,,, … which gives rise to the sequence,,, … of iterated function applications , (), (()), … which is hoped to converge to a point .
The Banach fixed-point theorem (1922) gives a general criterion guaranteeing that, if it is satisfied, the procedure of iterating a function yields a fixed point. [2]By contrast, the Brouwer fixed-point theorem (1911) is a non-constructive result: it says that any continuous function from the closed unit ball in n-dimensional Euclidean space to itself must have a fixed point, [3] but it doesn ...
A fixed-point representation of a fractional number is essentially an integer that is to be implicitly multiplied by a fixed scaling factor. For example, the value 1.23 can be stored in a variable as the integer value 1230 with implicit scaling factor of 1/1000 (meaning that the last 3 decimal digits are implicitly assumed to be a decimal fraction), and the value 1 230 000 can be represented ...
Fixed-point computation refers to the process of computing an exact or approximate fixed point of a given function. [1] In its most common form, the given function f {\displaystyle f} satisfies the condition to the Brouwer fixed-point theorem : that is, f {\displaystyle f} is continuous and maps the unit d -cube to itself.
The original version of 24 is played with an ordinary deck of playing cards with all the face cards removed. The aces are taken to have the value 1 and the basic game proceeds by having 4 cards dealt and the first player that can achieve the number 24 exactly using only allowed operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and parentheses) wins the hand.
The Kakutani fixed point theorem generalizes the Brouwer fixed-point theorem in a different direction: it stays in R n, but considers upper hemi-continuous set-valued functions (functions that assign to each point of the set a subset of the set). It also requires compactness and convexity of the set.
In projective geometry, a fixed point of a projectivity has been called a double point. [8] [9] In economics, a Nash equilibrium of a game is a fixed point of the game's best response correspondence. John Nash exploited the Kakutani fixed-point theorem for his seminal paper that won him the Nobel prize in economics.
The Kakutani fixed point theorem is a generalization of the Brouwer fixed point theorem. The Brouwer fixed point theorem is a fundamental result in topology which proves the existence of fixed points for continuous functions defined on compact, convex subsets of Euclidean spaces. Kakutani's theorem extends this to set-valued functions.