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The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMP; also designated as papyrus British Museum 10057, pBM 10058, and Brooklyn Museum 37.1784Ea-b) is one of the best known examples of ancient Egyptian mathematics. It is one of two well-known mathematical papyri, along with the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus. The Rhind Papyrus is the larger, but younger, of the two ...
An older ancient Egyptian papyrus contained a similar table of Egyptian fractions; the Lahun Mathematical Papyri, written around 1850 BCE, is about the age of one unknown source for the Rhind papyrus. The Kahun 2/n fractions were identical to the fraction decompositions given in the Rhind Papyrus' 2/n table. [8]
The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus which dates to the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650 BC) is said to be based on an older mathematical text from the 12th dynasty. [6] The Moscow Mathematical Papyrus and Rhind Mathematical Papyrus are so called mathematical problem texts. They consist of a collection of problems with solutions.
A later text, the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, introduced improved ways of writing Egyptian fractions. The Rhind papyrus was written by Ahmes and dates from the Second Intermediate Period; it includes a table of Egyptian fraction expansions for rational numbers , as well as 84 word problems. Solutions to each problem were written out in scribal ...
The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus also contains four of these type of problems. Problems 1, 19, and 25 of the Moscow Papyrus are Aha problems. Problem 19 asks one to calculate a quantity taken 1 and one-half times and added to 4 to make 10. [1] In modern mathematical notation, this linear equation is represented:
A similar problem and procedure can be found in the Rhind papyrus (problem 43). Several problems in the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus (problem 14) and in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (numbers 44, 45, 46) compute the volume of a rectangular granary. [10] [11]
[6] [9] RMP 80 divides heqats of grain into smaller henu. Problem 80 on the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: As for vessels (debeh) used in measuring grain by the functionaries of the granary: done into henu, 1 hekat makes 10; 1 ⁄ 2 makes 5; 1 ⁄ 4 makes 2 + 1 ⁄ 2; etc. [6] [9]
[8] [7] The book also discusses the mathematical problems and their solutions recorded from the small number of surviving mathematical documents including the Rhind papyrus, Lahun Mathematical Papyri, Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll, [1] [2] Carlsberg papyrus 30 [10] [2], and the Ostraca Senmut 153 and Turin ...