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A bloomery consists of a pit or chimney with heat-resistant walls made of earth, clay, or stone. Near the bottom, one or more pipes (made of clay or metal) enter through the side walls. These pipes, called tuyeres, allow air to enter the furnace, either by natural draught or forced with bellows or a trompe. An opening at the bottom of the ...
Molding material: The material that is packed around the pattern and then the pattern is removed to leave the cavity where the casting material will be poured. Flask: The rigid wood or metal frame that holds the molding material. Cope: The top half of the pattern, flask, mold, or core. Drag: The bottom half of the pattern, flask, mold, or core.
Hot plate; Oven; Induction; Dip; Wave; Ultrasonic; Sintering; Adhesive bonding (incomplete) Thermo-setting and thermoplastic; Epoxy; Modified epoxy; Phenolics; Polyurethane; Adhesive alloys; Miscellaneous other powders, liquids, solids, and tapes; Fastening wood and metal Nailing; Screwing (By material fastened) Machine (Metal) Wood Screws (By ...
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Material hardening is required for many applications: Machine cutting tools (drill bits, taps, lathe tools) need be much harder than the material they are operating on in order to be effective. Knife blades – a high hardness blade keeps a sharp edge. Bearings – necessary to have a very hard surface that will withstand continued stresses.
Steel is made from iron and carbon. Cast iron is a hard, brittle material that is difficult to work, whereas steel is malleable, relatively easily formed and versatile. On its own, iron is not strong, but a low concentration of carbon – less than 1 percent, depending on the kind of steel – gives steel strength and other important properties.
Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys. The earliest surviving prehistoric iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium BC in Egypt , [ 1 ] were made from meteoritic iron-nickel . [ 2 ]
The raw material was bar iron, or (from the introduction of mild steel in the late 19th century), a bar of steel. This was drawn into a flat bar (known as a tin bar) at the ironworks or steel works where it was made. The cross-section of the bar needed to be accurate in size as this would be the cross-section of the pack of plates made from it.