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Trench warfare reached its highest development on the Western Front during World War I (1914–18), when armies of millions of men faced each other in a line of trenches extending from the Belgian coast through northeastern France to Switzerland.
Trench warfare is perhaps the most iconic feature of World War I. By late 1916 the Western Front contained more than 1,000 kilometres of frontline and reserve trenches. Enemy attacks on trenches or advancing soldiers could come from artillery shells, mortars, grenades, underground mines, poison gas, machine guns and sniper fire.
Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which combatants are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
American soldiers in a trench near Douamont, France, circa November 1918. Learn more in the Online Collections Database. Trenches became trash dumps of the detritus of war: broken ammunition boxes, empty cartridges, torn uniforms, shattered helmets, soiled bandages, shrapnel balls, bone fragments.
The trench warfare of World War I was a defining feature of the conflict, shaping the experiences of soldiers, the course of the war, and the memory of the conflict for generations to come. The decision to dig trenches was a response to the changing nature of warfare and the strategic importance of the Western Front, but it resulted in a brutal ...
The stalemate of trench warfare, which characterized much of the fighting on the Western Front, was a defining feature of the conflict. But how did this type of warfare come to dominate the battlefield, and what were its origins?
Trench warfare in World War I was employed primarily on the Western Front, an area of northern France and Belgium that saw combat between German troops and Allied forces from France, Great...