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  2. Electron transport chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_transport_chain

    An electron transport chain (ETC [1]) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane.

  3. Malate–aspartate shuttle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate–aspartate_shuttle

    These electrons enter the electron transport chain of the mitochondria via reduction equivalents to generate ATP. The shuttle system is required because the mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to NADH, the primary reducing equivalent of the electron transport chain.

  4. Cytochrome c oxidase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_c_oxidase

    It is the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain of cells located in the membrane. ... Mitochondrial inner membrane protein (Cytochrome c oxidase ...

  5. Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_Q_–_cytochrome_c...

    The coenzyme Q : cytochrome c – oxidoreductase, sometimes called the cytochrome bc 1 complex, and at other times complex III, is the third complex in the electron transport chain (EC 1.10.2.2), playing a critical role in biochemical generation of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation).

  6. Oxidative phosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation

    The chain of redox reactions driving the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, from electron donors such as NADH to electron acceptors such as oxygen and hydrogen (protons), is an exergonic process – it releases energy, whereas the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy.

  7. Respiratory complex I - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_complex_I

    NAD + to NADH. FMN to FMNH 2. CoQ to CoQH 2.. Complex I is the first enzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.There are three energy-transducing enzymes in the electron transport chain - NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase (complex III), and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV). [1]

  8. Q cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_cycle

    Schematic representation of complex III of the electron transport chain. The grey area is the inner mitochondrial membrane.Q represents the ubiquinone form of CoQ, and QH 2 represents the ubiquinol (dihydroxyquinone) form.

  9. Mitochondrial shuttle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_shuttle

    The mitochondrial shuttles are biochemical transport systems used to transport reducing agents across the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH as well as NAD+ cannot cross the membrane, but it can reduce another molecule like FAD and [QH 2] that can cross the membrane, so that its electrons can reach the electron transport chain.