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Wingtip vortices are circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift. [1]: 5.14 The name is a misnomer because the cores of the vortices are slightly inboard of the wing tips. [2]: 369 Wingtip vortices are sometimes named trailing or lift-induced vortices because they also occur at points other than at the wing tips.
A uniform lift distribution over the wing of an aircraft would cause the shedding of two wingtip trailing vortices and a (stationary) starting vortex. Note that in reality, lift distribution cannot be uniform, and that viscosity causes decay of the trailed and starting vortices.
The wingtip vortex, which rotates around from below the wing, strikes the cambered surface of the winglet, generating a force that angles inward and slightly forward, analogous to a sailboat sailing close hauled. The winglet converts some of the otherwise-wasted energy in the wingtip vortex to an apparent thrust. This small contribution can be ...
The winglet and red navigation light on the wing tip of a South African Airways Boeing 747-400 Many aircraft types, such as the Lockheed Super Constellation shown here, have fuel tanks mounted on the wing tips, commonly called tip tanks The wing tip of a Quad City Challenger II, formed with an aluminum bow The wing tip of a Grumman American AA-1, showing its Hoerner style design A Piper PA-28 ...
Winglet: a small fin at the wingtip, usually turned upwards. Reduces the size of vortices shed by the wingtip, and hence also tip drag. Strake: a small surface, typically longer than it is wide and mounted on the fuselage. Strakes may be located at various positions in order to improve aerodynamic behaviour.
On aircraft with swept wings, wing tip stall also produces an undesirable nose-up pitching moment which hampers recovery from the stall. Washout may be accomplished by other means e.g. modified aerofoil section, vortex generators, leading edge wing fences, notches, or stall strips. This is referred to as aerodynamic washout.
English: Lift-induced vortices (also called wingtip or trailing vortices) are evidenced by colored smoke on the threshold of a runway, during a demonstration flight run by the German DLR with its ATTAS aircraft.
These vortices are known as wingtip vortices and are formed by fluid flowing around the wingtips from the high-pressure region that is the bottom of the wing to the low-pressure region that is the top of the wing. The flow becomes separated from the airfoil and rotates about a low pressure wake that forms the core of the vortex.