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Dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring's disease) causes an intensely itchy and typically symmetrical rash on arms, thighs, knees, and back. It is directly related to celiac disease, can often be put into remission with an appropriate diet, and tends to get worse at night. (ICD-10 L13.0)
Psychogenic pruritus typically appears as itching on the face and on the extensor surfaces of the body. This includes the back side of the arms, the abdomen, the side of the legs and the upper back and shoulders. These areas are more frequent because they are within hand's reach. [1]
Pruritus ani is the irritation of the skin at the exit of the rectum, known as the anus, causing the desire to scratch. [1] The intensity of anal itching increases from moisture, [2] pressure, and rubbing caused by clothing and sitting. At worst, anal itching causes intolerable discomfort that often is accompanied by burning and soreness.
The itchy eruption lasts an average of 10–12 months. It is characterized by papules and papulovesicles with excoriations occurring on the chest, back, lower sternum, arms, and thighs. [4] The papules are most commonly found on the mid chest. Sometimes the features of Grover's are found in people who do not itch or have a conspicuous rash.
The exact mechanism of the condition is unknown. Some studies have suggested the itching occurs in response to increased fibrinolytic activity in the skin, [5] [6] inappropriate activation of the sympathetic nervous system, [7] increased activity of acetylcholinesterase, [8] [9] or an increase in mast cell degranulation that releases histamine and other chemicals into the body.
Itch is readily abolished in skin areas treated with nociceptor excitotoxin capsaicin but remains unchanged in skin areas rendered touch insensitive by pretreatment with anti-inflammatory saponins. Although experimentally induced itch can still be perceived under a complete A-fiber conduction block , it is significantly diminished.
Notalgia paresthetica is a common localized itch, affecting mainly the area between the shoulder blades (especially the T2–T6 dermatomes) but occasionally with a more widespread distribution, involving the shoulders, back, and upper chest.
[2] [5] Atopic dermatitis results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. [2] Clear fluid may come from the affected areas, which can thicken over time. [2] Atopic dermatitis affects about 20% of people at some point in their lives. [2] [4] It is more common in younger children. [3] Females are affected slightly more often than males. [6]