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Wingtip vortices are circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift. [1]: 5.14 The name is a misnomer because the cores of the vortices are slightly inboard of the wing tips. [2]: 369 Wingtip vortices are sometimes named trailing or lift-induced vortices because they also occur at points other than at the wing tips.
When the vortices of larger aircraft sink close to the ground — within 100–200 ft (30–61 m) — they tend to move laterally over the ground at a speed of 2–3 kn (3.7–5.6 km/h; 2.3–3.5 mph). A crosswind decreases the lateral movement of the upwind vortex and increases the movement of the downwind vortex. [4]
The winglet and red navigation light on the wing tip of a South African Airways Boeing 747-400 Many aircraft types, such as the Lockheed Super Constellation shown here, have fuel tanks mounted on the wing tips, commonly called tip tanks The wing tip of a Quad City Challenger II, formed with an aluminum bow The wing tip of a Grumman American AA-1, showing its Hoerner style design A Piper PA-28 ...
These vortices are known as wingtip vortices and are formed by fluid flowing around the wingtips from the high-pressure region that is the bottom of the wing to the low-pressure region that is the top of the wing. The flow becomes separated from the airfoil and rotates about a low pressure wake that forms the core of the vortex.
The wingtip vortex, which rotates around from below the wing, strikes the cambered surface of the winglet, generating a force that angles inward and slightly forward, analogous to a sailboat sailing close hauled. The winglet converts some of the otherwise-wasted energy in the wingtip vortex to an apparent thrust. This small contribution can be ...
The Vought V-173 used large propellers near the tips, which helped to counteract its strong wingtip vortices, and had an outboard tail plane for stability. Flying saucer: circular flying wing. Inherently unstable, as the Avro Canada Avrocar demonstrated. Disc wing: a variant in which the entire disc rotates. [17] Popular on toys such as the ...
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Wingtip vortices form a major component of wake turbulence and are associated with induced drag, which is a significant contributor to total drag in most regimes. A closed wing avoids the need for wingtips and thus might be expected to reduce wingtip drag effects.