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There exist two main types of spatial heterogeneity. The spatial local heterogeneity categorises the geographic phenomena whose its attributes' values are significantly similar within a directly local neighbourhood, but which significantly differ in the nearby surrounding-areas beyond this directly local neighbourhood (e.g. hot spots, cold spots).
A landscape with spatial heterogeneity has a mix of concentrations of multiple species of plants or animals (biological), or of terrain formations (geological), or environmental characteristics (e.g. rainfall, temperature, wind) filling its area. A population showing spatial heterogeneity is one where various concentrations of individuals of ...
A landscape with structure and pattern implies that it has spatial heterogeneity, or the uneven distribution of objects across the landscape. [6] Heterogeneity is a key element of landscape ecology that separates this discipline from other branches of ecology. Landscape heterogeneity is able to quantify with agent-based methods as well. [37]
The concepts of spatial ecology are fundamental to understanding the spatial dynamics of population and community ecology. The spatial heterogeneity of populations and communities plays a central role in such ecological theories as succession, adaptation, community stability, competition, predator-prey interactions, parasitism, and epidemics. [1]
In landscape ecology, spatial configuration describes the spatial pattern of patches in a landscape. Most traditional spatial configuration measurements take into account aspects of patches within the landscape, including patches' size, shape, density, connectivity and fractal dimension .
This notion of far more small things than large ones is also called spatial heterogeneity, which has been formulated as scaling law. [22] Cartographic generalization or any mapping practices in general is essentially to retain the underlying scaling of numerous smallest, a very few largest, and some in between the smallest and largest. [ 23 ]
Most commonly the elements being measured are spatial patches of different types. Together with spatial configuration, spatial composition is a basic component of landscape heterogeneity indices. [ 1 ]
Alexander Stewart Fotheringham (born February 2, 1954) is a British-American geographer known for his contributions to quantitative geography, geographic information science (GIScience), and spatial analysis. [1] [2] He holds a Ph.D. in geography from McMaster University and is professor of Geography at Florida State University. [3]