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The Protestant Church is the youngest of these, resulting from the Reformation of 1517 which was in protest of major problems within the Roman Catholic Church. In England and Wales, Protestantism was definitively established in the 1530s when Henry VIII separated the Church of England from Rome.
Glasgow Cathedral, a parish church of the Church of Scotland, the national church of Scotland. The Catholic Church remained the dominant form of Western Christianity in Britain throughout the Middle Ages, but the Church of England became the independent established church in England and Wales in 1534 as a result of the English Reformation. [23]
Although Czech Republic was the site of one of the most significant pre-reformation movements, [16] there are only few Protestant adherents [17] [18] —mainly due to historical reasons like persecution of Protestants by the Catholic Habsburgs, [19] restrictions during the Communist rule and also the ongoing secularization. [16]
The victory of the Parliamentarians meant a strongly Protestant, anti-Catholic regime, content for the English Church to become "little more than a nationwide federation of Protestant parishes." [81] The restoration of the monarchy under Charles II (1660–1685) also saw the restoration of a Catholic-influenced court like his father's.
However using the same principle as applied in the 2001 census, a survey carried out in the end of 2008 by Ipsos MORI and based on a scientifically robust sample, found the population of England and Wales to be 47.0% affiliated with the Church of England, which is also the state church, 9.6% with the Roman Catholic Church and 8.7% were other ...
Catholic Devotion in Victorian England (1995) online Archived 3 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine; Hughes, Philip. The Catholic Question, 1688–1829: A Study in Political History (1929) Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Christianity in a Revolutionary Age. Vol. I: The 19th Century in Europe; Background and the Roman Catholic Phase (1958), pp 451–59
The largest Christian denomination is the Catholic Church, with 1.3 billion baptized members. [9] The second largest Christian branch is either Protestantism (if it is considered a single group), or the Eastern Orthodox Church (if Protestants are considered to be divided into multiple denominations).
The Catholic tradition, strengthened and reshaped from the 1830s by the Oxford movement, has stressed the importance of the visible Church and its sacraments and the belief that the ministry of bishops, priests and deacons is a sign and instrument of the Church of England's Catholic and apostolic identity. [72]