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Methylxanthines are chemical compounds which are derivatives of xanthine with one or more methyl groups, including: One methyl group: 1-Methylxanthine;
Xanthine (/ ˈ z æ n θ iː n / or / ˈ z æ n θ aɪ n /, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós ' yellow ' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. [2]
7-Methylxanthine (7-MX), also known as heteroxanthine, is an active metabolite of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) and theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a non-selective antagonist of the adenosine receptors .
The characteristic signals, distinguishing theophylline from related methylxanthines, are approximately 3.23δ and 3.41δ, corresponding to the unique methylation possessed by theophylline. The remaining proton signal, at 8.01δ, corresponds to the proton on the imidazole ring, not transferred between the nitrogen.
Paraxanthine is not known to be produced by plants [1] but is observed in nature as a metabolite of caffeine in animals and some species of bacteria. [2]Paraxanthine is the primary metabolite of caffeine in humans and other animals, such as mice. [3]
C. maculatum should not be confused with the trees commonly called hemlock (Tsuga spp.), which, while not edible, are not nearly as toxic as the herbaceous plant. An infusion of poison hemlock is said to have killed Socrates in 399 BC. Consolida spp. larkspur Young plants and seeds are poisonous, causing nausea, muscle twitches, and paralysis ...
Ilex cassine is indigenous to the southeastern coast of North America and the Caribbean, growing along the margins of waterways and swamps from Virginia to the Colorado River in Texas, [9] with subspecies growing southward as far as Veracruz on the Gulf Coast, and in the Caribbean on the coasts of Cuba, the Bahamas, and Puerto Rico.
Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin. [1] Phytochemicals (from Greek phyto, meaning "plant") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. [2] [3] They generally have biological activity in the plant host and play a role in plant growth or defense against competitors, pathogens, or predators. [2]