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The languages of Uttar Pradesh primarily belong to two zones in the Indo-Aryan languages, Central and East. After the state's official language Hindi (and co-official Urdu which is mutually intelligible), the Bhojpuri language is the second most spoken language with 25.5 million speakers or 11% of the state's population. [1]
The following table contains the Indian states and union territories along with the most spoken scheduled languages used in the region. [1] These are based on the 2011 census of India figures except Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, whose statistics are based on the 2001 census of the then unified Andhra Pradesh.
Kauravi (Hindi: कौरवी, Urdu: کَوروی), also known as Khaṛībolī, is a dialect of Hindustani descended from Shauraseni Prakrit that is mainly spoken in northwestern Uttar Pradesh, outside of Delhi.
Awadhi, [a] also known as Audhi, [b] is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh in northern India and in Terai region of western Nepal. [5] [6] [7] The name Awadh is connected to Ayodhya, the ancient city, which is regarded as the homeland of the Hindu deity Rama, the earthly avatar of Vishnu.
The Eastern Hindi languages, are a branch of the Indo-Aryan language family spoken chiefly in Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh, Baghelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh, in Northern and Central India. Eastern Hindi languages evolved from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit, which is thought to be transitional between Sauraseni and Magadhi. [1]
The Central Indo-Aryan languages or Hindi languages are a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken across Northern and Central India. These language varieties form the central part of the Indo-Aryan language family, itself a part of the Indo-European language family. They historically form a dialect continuum that descends from the Middle Prakrits.
Hindi-language newspapers have the largest circulation, followed by English and Telugu. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Newsstand and subscription prices often cover only a small percentage of the cost of producing newspapers in India, and advertising is the primary source of revenue.
Issues related to Telugu language policy were deliberated at length. [118] [119] The American Community Survey has said that data for 2016 which were released in September 2017 showed Telugu is the third most widely spoken Indian language in the US. Hindi tops the list followed by Gujarati, as of the 2010 census. [120] [121]