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Saccharomycotina include some of the economically most important fungi known. Members include species of industrial and agricultural importance (e.g. brewing, baking, fermentation of food products, production of citric acid, production of recombinant proteins, biofuel production, biological pest control of crops).
Spoilage resulting from growth of the yeast Zygosaccharomyces is widespread, which has caused significant economic losses to the food industry. Within this genus, Z. bailii is one of the most troublesome species due to its exceptional tolerance to various stressful conditions. [ 3 ]
Many ascomycetes are of commercial importance. Some play a beneficial role, such as the yeasts used in baking, brewing, and wine fermentation, plus truffles and morels, which are held as gourmet delicacies. Many of them cause tree diseases, such as Dutch elm disease and apple blights.
Economic entomology is a field of entomology, which involves the study of insects that benefit or harm humans, domestic animals, and crops. Insects that pose disadvantages are considered pests. Some species can cause indirect damage by spreading diseases, and these are termed as disease vectors.
The ability to switch between yeast cells and hyphal cells is an important virulence factor. Many proteins play a role in this very complex process. [ 111 ] The formation of hyphae can for example help Candida albicans to escape from macrophages in the human body. [ 112 ]
Dekkera/Brettanomyces is a genus of yeast known for its important role in the production of 'lambic' and specialty sour ales, along with the secondary conditioning of a particular Belgian Trappist beer. [64] The taxonomy of the genus Brettanomyces has been debated since its early discovery and has seen many reclassifications over the years.
Saccharomyces is a genus of fungi that includes many species of yeasts. Saccharomyces is from Greek σάκχαρον (sugar) and μύκης (fungus) and means sugar fungus.Many members of this genus are considered very important in food production where they are known as brewer's yeast, baker's yeast and sourdough starter among others.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ v ɪ s i. iː /) (brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungal microorganisms). The species has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes.