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[28] [42] Lockwood and Fröhlich, 2007, found "considerable evidence for solar influence on the Earth's pre-industrial climate and the Sun may well have been a factor in post-industrial climate change in the first half of the last century", but that "over the past 20 years, all the trends in the Sun that could have had an influence on the Earth ...
The amount of heat energy received at any location on the globe is a direct effect of Sun angle on climate, as the angle at which sunlight strikes Earth varies by location, time of day, and season due to Earth's orbit around the Sun and Earth's rotation around its tilted axis.
The energy of this sunlight supports almost all life [c] on Earth by photosynthesis, [38] and drives Earth's climate and weather. [39] The Sun does not have a definite boundary, but its density decreases exponentially with increasing height above the photosphere. [40]
When 1361 W/m 2 is arriving above the atmosphere (when the Sun is at the zenith in a cloudless sky), direct sun is about 1050 W/m 2, and global radiation on a horizontal surface at ground level is about 1120 W/m 2. [37] The latter figure includes radiation scattered or reemitted by the atmosphere and surroundings.
The Earth's weather is a consequence of its illumination by the Sun and the laws of thermodynamics. The atmospheric circulation can be viewed as a heat engine driven by the Sun's energy and whose energy sink, ultimately, is the blackness of space. The work produced by that engine causes the motion of the masses of air, and in that process it ...
At its top speed, it would take just about 15 hours to cover the 150 million km Earth-Sun distance.” ... But solar storms, solar flares and coronal mass ejections routinely impact Earth's weather.
Earth's energy budget (or Earth's energy balance) is the balance between the energy that Earth receives from the Sun and the energy the Earth loses back into outer space. Smaller energy sources, such as Earth's internal heat, are taken into consideration, but make a tiny contribution compared to solar energy.
The Solar Orbiter, which launched in February 2020, imaged the sun's surface from less than 46 million miles away – or about halfway between the sun and Earth. All taken within about four hours ...