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The presidency of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history. [9] Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. He is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. [10]
However, after the 1988 presidential election, the shine had dulled on military-veteran politicians, and through 2012, "the candidate with the better military record lost." [2] As of December 2018, George H. W. Bush was the most recent president to have served in combat (as an aircraft carrier-based bomber pilot in World War II). [3]
Furthermore, the speech established what would become the ideological basis for America's involvement in World War II, all framed in terms of individual rights and liberties that are the hallmark of American politics. [2] The speech delivered by President Roosevelt incorporated the following text, known as the "Four Freedoms": [6]
During World War II, the proportion of African American men employed in manufacturing positions rose significantly. [345] In response to Roosevelt's policies, African Americans increasingly defected from the Republican Party during the 1930s and 1940s, becoming an important Democratic voting bloc in several Northern states.
President Harry S. Truman directed U.S. foreign policy from 1945 to 1953. His main advisor was Dean Acheson. The main issues of the United States foreign policy during the 1945–1953 presidency of Harry S. Truman include: [1] Final stages of World War II included the challenge of defeating Japan with minimal American casualties.
In the aftermath of World War II, he helped establish the United Nations and other post-war institutions. Relations with the Soviet Union declined after 1945, and by 1947 the two countries had entered a long period of tension and war preparation known as the Cold War, during which a hot fighting
De Gaulle was generally well received in the United States immediately after World War II and supported the US in public comments. He visited New York City on 27 August 1945 to great welcome by thousands of people of the city and its mayor Fiorello La Guardia. [109] [110] On that day, de Gaulle wished "Long live the United States of America".
After a fall in his home in late 1964, Truman's physical condition declined. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Medicare bill at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum and gave the first two Medicare cards to Truman and his wife Bess to honor the former president's fight for government health care while in office. [330]