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The capstan equation [1] or belt friction equation, also known as Euler–Eytelwein formula [2] (after Leonhard Euler and Johann Albert Eytelwein), [3] relates the hold-force to the load-force if a flexible line is wound around a cylinder (a bollard, a winch or a capstan).
The equation used to model belt friction is, assuming the belt has no mass and its material is a fixed composition: [2] = where is the tension of the pulling side, is the tension of the resisting side, is the static friction coefficient, which has no units, and is the angle, in radians, formed by the first and last spots the belt touches the pulley, with the vertex at the center of the pulley.
This does cause frictional shear stresses in the contact area. In the final situation the bollard exercises a friction force on the rope such that a static situation occurs. The tension distribution in the rope in this final situation is described by the capstan equation, with solution:
Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points. [1] [2] A central distinction in contact mechanics is between stresses acting perpendicular to the contacting bodies' surfaces (known as normal stress) and frictional stresses acting tangentially between the surfaces (shear stress).
Churchill equation [24] (1977) is the only equation that can be evaluated for very slow flow (Reynolds number < 1), but the Cheng (2008), [25] and Bellos et al. (2018) [8] equations also return an approximately correct value for friction factor in the laminar flow region (Reynolds number < 2300). All of the others are for transitional and ...
The friction value is dependent on the materials of the screw and interacting nut, but ultimately the efficiency is controlled by the helix angle. The efficiency can be plotted versus the helix angle for a constant friction, as shown in the adjacent diagram.
This friction factor is one-fourth of the Darcy friction factor, so attention must be paid to note which one of these is meant in the "friction factor" chart or equation consulted. Of the two, the Fanning friction factor is the more commonly used by chemical engineers and those following the British convention.
Assuming the Fanning friction factor is a constant along the duct wall, the differential equation can be solved easily. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] One must keep in mind, however, that the value of the Fanning friction factor can be difficult to determine for supersonic and especially hypersonic flow velocities.