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Sigmoid colon volvulus, also known as sigmoid volvulus, is volvulus affecting the sigmoid colon.It is a common cause of bowel obstruction [1] and constipation.It is common in Asia, India (7% of intestinal obstruction) and especially South India because of the high fibre diet.
Volvulus occurs most frequently in middle-aged and elderly men. [11] Volvulus can also arise as a rare complication in persons with redundant colon, a normal anatomic variation resulting in extra colonic loops. [12] Sigmoid volvulus is the most-common form of volvulus of the gastrointestinal tract.
The narrow mesentery predisposes some cases of malrotation to midgut volvulus, a twisting of the entire small bowel that can obstruct the mesenteric blood vessels leading to intestinal ischemia, necrosis, and death if not promptly treated. The fibrous Ladd's bands can constrict the duodenum, leading to intestinal obstruction.
Localized ahaustral distended colon can be seen on abdominal x-ray during obstruction or volvulus. Sigmoidal volvolus, more often seen in psychiatric and neurologically impaired patients (e.g. Parkinson's disease), shows lack of haustra on x-ray and points from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant just below the diaphragm.
Depending on the level of obstruction, bowel obstruction can present with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and constipation.Bowel obstruction may be complicated by dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities due to vomiting; respiratory compromise from pressure on the diaphragm by a distended abdomen, or aspiration of vomitus; bowel ischemia or perforation from prolonged distension or ...
Diverticulosis often occurs in the sigmoid colon in association with increased intraluminal pressure and focal weakness in the colonic wall. It is a common cause of hematochezia. Volvulus occurs when a portion of the bowel twists around its mesentery, which can lead to obstruction and infarction. Volvulus in the elderly commonly occurs in the ...
It was used to treat colon cancer or inflammation (proctosigmoiditis, proctitis, diverticulitis, volvulus, etc.). Currently, its use is limited to emergency surgery when immediate anastomosis is not possible, or more rarely it is used palliatively in patients with colorectal tumours.
An ileosigmoid knot or compound volvulus is an uncommon cause of intestinal blockage. [1] The condition arises when ileum loops wrap around the bottom of a redundant sigmoid loop. [ 2 ] In some countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, the ileosigmoid knot is a well-known ailment; this condition is uncommon in the West.