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A worker feeding rags into the rag breaking machine in a paper factory in Scotland (1918) A trolley laden with boiled rags The paper being cut to size Cotton paper, also known as rag paper or rag stock paper, is made using cotton linters (fine fibers which stick to the cotton seeds after processing) or cotton from used cloth (rags) as the primary material.
The cellulose fibres that make up paper are hydrolyzed by acid, and the presence of alum eventually degrades the fibres until the acidic paper disintegrates in a process known as "slow fire". Documents written on rag paper are significantly more stable. The use of non-acidic additives to make paper is becoming more prevalent, and the stability ...
They invented a machine which extracted the fibres from wood (exactly as with rags) and made paper from it. Charles Fenerty also bleached the pulp so that the paper was white. This started a new era for paper making. By the end of the 19th-century almost all printers in the western world were using wood instead of rags to make paper. [119]
In rural areas where no rag merchants were present, rag-and-bone men often dealt directly with rag paper makers, [11] but in London they sold rag to the local traders. White rag could fetch two to three pence per pound, depending on condition (all rag had to be dry before it could be sold). Coloured rag was worth about two pence per pound.
Early paper in Massachusetts was, as was common in Europe, made from cotton and linen rags. [1] As the 18th century progressed, the demand for printed books was increasingly met by local printers, so the demand for paper increased and rags became scarce. [1] One paper manufacturer in Massachusetts even issued paper with a "Save Rags' watermark. [1]
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