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It has been defined in many ways, such as "the problem of improving the conditions of employment of the wage-earning classes." [ 2 ] The labor problem encompasses the difficulties faced by wage-earners and employers who began to cut wages for various reasons including increased technology, desire for lower costs or to stay in business.
The boom stopped in 1920 when unemployment began to increase, by the time that the Liberal-Conservative coalition lost power at the 1922 general election, the unemployment rate had reached 2,500,000. A committee on unemployment was set up in 1920 and recommended public work schemes to ease unemployment, this led to the establishment of the ...
The strike was prompted by the poor working conditions in the match factory, including fourteen-hour work days, poor pay, excessive fines, and the severe health complications of working with yellow (or white) phosphorus, such as phossy jaw. 1888 (United States) United States enacted first federal labor relations law; the law applied only to ...
The powerful combination of ERP and NATO (1949) gave Europe the assurance of America's commitment to the security and prosperity of Western Europe, and helped the recipients avoid the pessimism and despair that characterized the aftermath of World War I. The Marshall Plan thus created in Europe an unstoppable "revolution of rising expectations ...
As the relative peace in Europe dissipated in the 1930s, countries failed to coordinate economic policies and could not exploit the aforementioned growth factors. Investment slowed as resources were put towards preparing for another armed conflict due to friction over the redistribution of economic and political power after World War 1.
The largest economy in Europe by 1900, Germany had established a primary position in several key sectors, like the chemical industry and steel production. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] High production capacity, permanent competitiveness and subsequent protectionist policies fought out with the US and Britain were essential characteristics.
Les Halles street market in 1920. Continuing, The population of Paris had been 2,888,107 in 1911, before the war. It grew to 2,906,472 in 1921, its historic high. [6] Many young Parisians were killed in the First World War, though a smaller proportion than from the rest of France, but this ended the steady population growth Paris had had before the war, and caused an imbalance in the ...
[23] [24] Real wages for unskilled and low-skilled workers grew little in the 1920s, while long hours in unsafe conditions continued to be the norm. Further, employment instability due to layoffs remained a reality of work life. Welfare capitalism programs rarely worked as intended, company unions only reinforced that authority of management ...