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Intel distributes microcode updates as a 2,048 (2 kilobyte) binary blob. [1] The update contains information about which processors it is designed for, so that this can be checked against the result of the CPUID instruction. [ 1 ]
Intel promised microcode updates to resolve the vulnerability. [1] The microcode patches have been shown to significantly reduce the performance of some heavily-vectorized loads. [7] Patches to mitigate the effects of the vulnerability have also been created as part of the forthcoming version 6.5 release of the Linux kernel. [8]
Intel reported that they are preparing new patches to mitigate these flaws. [24] On August 14, 2018, Intel disclosed three additional chip flaws referred to as L1 Terminal Fault (L1TF). They reported that previously released microcode updates, along with new, pre-release microcode updates can be used to mitigate these flaws. [25] [26]
A second prominent example is the set of microcode patches that Intel offered for some of their processor architectures of up to 10 years in age, in a bid to counter the security vulnerabilities discovered in their designs – Spectre and Meltdown – which went public at the start of 2018.
Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
Intel postponed their release of microcode updates to 10 July 2018. [ 33 ] [ 32 ] On 21 May 2018, Intel published information on the first two Spectre-NG class side-channel vulnerabilities CVE- 2018-3640 (Rogue System Register Read, Variant 3a) and CVE- 2018-3639 ( Speculative Store Bypass , Variant 4), [ 34 ] [ 35 ] also referred to as Intel ...
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Intel is planning to address Variant 4 by releasing a microcode patch that creates a new hardware flag named Speculative Store Bypass Disable (SSBD). [7] [2] [12] A stable microcode patch is yet to be delivered, with Intel suggesting that the patch will be ready "in the coming weeks".