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Jerusalem becomes City of David and capital of the United Kingdom of Israel. [3] c. 962 BCE: biblical King Solomon builds the First Temple. c. 931–930 BCE: Solomon dies, and the Golden Age of Israel ends. Jerusalem becomes the capital of the (southern) Kingdom of Judah led by Rehoboam after the split of the United Monarchy.
The History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem began with the capture of the city by the Latin Christian forces at the apogee of the First Crusade. At that point it had been under Muslim rule for over 450 years. It became the capital of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, until it was again conquered by the Ayyubids under Saladin in 1187.
An-Nasir Daud, emir of Kerak, captures Jerusalem and destroys the Tower of David. [515] [517] 1240. May 14. Robert of Nantes is appointed patriarch of Jerusalem, although he will not arrive in the east until 1244. [518] Summer. Al-Adil II's retainers depose him and make his brother, As-Salih Ayyub, the ruler of Egypt.
When the Kingdom of Judah split from the larger Kingdom of Israel (which the Bible places near the end of the reign of Solomon, c. 930 BCE, though Finkelstein and others dispute the very existence of a unified monarchy to begin with [12]), Jerusalem became the capital of the Kingdom of Judah, while the Kingdom of Israel located its capital at ...
The siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea.
The Christian world's response to the loss of Jerusalem came in the Third Crusade of 1190. After lengthy battles and negotiations, Richard the Lionheart and Saladin concluded the Treaty of Jaffa in 1192 whereby Christians were granted free passage to make pilgrimages to the holy sites, while Jerusalem remained under Muslim rule. [163]
The siege of Jerusalem marked the end of the First Crusade, whose objective was Christian control of the city of Jerusalem and removing the Church of the Holy Sepulchre from Islamic control. The five-week siege began on 7 June 1099 and was carried out by the Christian forces of Western Europe mobilized by Pope Urban II after the Council of ...
The fourth-century church fathers Eusebius and Epiphanius of Salamis cite a tradition that before the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 the Jerusalem Jewish Christians had been warned to flee to Pella in the region of the Decapolis across the Jordan River. [5] After the destruction of Jerusalem, they came back to the city.