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The sciatic nerve supplies sensation to the skin of the foot, as well as the entire lower leg (except for its inner side). Sensation to skin to the sole of the foot is provided by the tibial nerve, and the lower leg and upper surface of the foot via the common fibular nerve. [2]: 422–4 The sciatic nerve also innervates muscles.
The common fibular nerve is the smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The common fibular nerve has root values of L4, L5, S1, and S2. It arises from the superior angle of the popliteal fossa and extends to the lateral angle of the popliteal fossa, along the medial border of the biceps femoris.
The tibial nerve is the larger terminal branch of the sciatic nerve with root values of L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3. It lies superficial (or posterior) to the popliteal vessels, extending from the superior angle to the inferior angle of the popliteal fossa, crossing the popliteal vessels from lateral to medial side.
The sciatica affecting participants in the trial was the result of a herniated spinal disc. Acupuncture is used as a conservative treatment for sciatica worldwide, though clinical studies ...
The sciatic nerve comprises nerve roots L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3 in the spine. [26] These nerve roots merge in the pelvic cavity to form the sacral plexus and the sciatic nerve branches from that. Sciatica symptoms can occur when there is pathology anywhere along the course of these nerves. [27]
The Achilles reflex checks if the S 1 and S 2 [3] nerve roots are intact and could be indicative of sciatic nerve pathology. It is classically delayed in hypothyroidism. This reflex is usually absent in disk herniations at the L 5 —S 1 level. A reduction in the ankle jerk reflex may also be indicative of peripheral neuropathy.
It passes inferior-ward upon the ischium deep to the sciatic nerve, [2] [3] the superior and inferior gemellus muscles, and the tendon of the obturator internus. [2] It traverses the posterior aspect of the hip joint, [3] here issuing an articular (sensory) branch to the joint.
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