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Birds' hearts and brains, which are very sensitive to arterial hypoxia, are more vascularized compared to those of mammals. [72] The bar-headed goose ( Anser indicus ) is an iconic high-flyer that surmounts the Himalayas during migration, [ 73 ] and serves as a model system for derived physiological adaptations for high-altitude flight.
For example, adaptive behavior is a mechanism of population stabilization. [23] In natural communities, organisms are able to interact with each other creating complex food webs and predator-prey dynamics. Adaptive behavior helps modulate the dynamics of feeding relationships by having a direct effect on their feeding traits and strategies. [23]
Adaptive traits are those that produce more copies of the individual's genes in future generations. Maladaptive traits are those that leave fewer. For example, if a bird that can call more loudly attracts more mates, then a loud call is an adaptive trait for that species because a louder bird mates more frequently than less loud birds—thus ...
Long-tongued bees and long-tubed flowers coevolved, whether pairwise or "diffusely" in groups known as guilds. [48] The types of coevolution listed so far have been described as if they operated pairwise (also called specific coevolution), in which traits of one species have evolved in direct response to traits of a second species, and vice versa.
The co-operative behaviour of social insects like the honey bee can be explained by kin selection.. Kin selection is a process whereby natural selection favours a trait due to its positive effects on the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even when at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction. [1]
It attempts to frame the existence and persistence of traits, assuming that each of them arose independently and improved the reproductive success of the organism's ancestors. A trait is an adaptation if it fulfils the following criteria: The trait is a variation of an earlier form. The trait is heritable through the transmission of genes.
Many birds of Australia, like wrens and robins, look like Northern Hemisphere birds but are not related. [109] Oilbirds like microbats and toothed whales developed sonar-like echolocation systems used for locating prey. [110] The brain structure, forebrain, of hummingbirds, songbirds, and parrots responsible for vocal learning (not by instinct ...
Charles Darwin considered the evolution of eusociality a major problem for his theory of natural selection.In The Origin of Species, he described the existence of sterile worker castes in the social insects as "the one special difficulty, which at first appeared to me insuperable and actually fatal to my whole theory".