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Measuring glycated hemoglobin assesses the effectiveness of therapy by monitoring long-term serum glucose regulation. A1c is a weighted average of blood glucose levels during the life of the red blood cells (117 days for men and 106 days in women [18]). Therefore, glucose levels on days nearer to the test contribute substantially more to the ...
Heart rate recovery (HRR) is the reduction in heart rate at peak exercise and the rate as measured after a cool-down period of fixed duration. [56] A greater reduction in heart rate after exercise during the reference period is associated with a higher level of cardiac fitness. [57]
Cardiovascular fitness is a component of physical fitness, which refers to a person's ability to deliver oxygen to the working muscles, including the heart.Cardiovascular fitness is improved by sustained physical activity (see also Endurance Training) and is affected by many physiological parameters, including cardiac output (determined by heart rate multiplied by stroke volume), vascular ...
“So you can do things that will briefly lower your heart rate—like deep breathing and meditation—but if you are trying to lower your overall heart rate over a longer period of time, the ...
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A loss of physical fitness can cause a rise in blood pressure, decrease in blood oxygen levels, decreased neural-muscular efficiency and heart strength, reduced lung capacity, and even a change in ...
Aerobic exercise has been shown to largely improve HbA1c, and contributes to weight loss and the enhanced regulation of cholesterol and lipoproteins. [24] This may be any form of continuous exercise that elevates breathing and heart rate such as walking, swimming, or dancing. [ 26 ]
Some studies measure exercise intensity by having subjects perform exercise trials to determine peak power output, [4] which may be measured in watts, heart rate, or average cadence (cycling). This approach attempts to gauge overall workload. An informal method to determine optimal exercise intensity is the talk test.