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The Neosho madtom (Noturus placidus) is a small North American freshwater catfish.It has been listed as a near-threatened species in the United States since 1996 by the International Union for Conservation of Nature [1] and as a federally threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 since June 1990.
It is the most species-rich genus of catfish in North America, [1] native to the central and eastern United States, and adjacent parts of Canada. [2] Their fin spines contain a mild venom with a sting comparable to that of a honey bee. [1] Nearly half the species of madtom catfishes were described in a single comprehensive revision of the group.
The catfish family includes a dozen species in Ohio waters, and some of them are among our best-known fishes. Their ranks include blue, channel and flathead catfish, and three species of bullhead.
The North American catfish has acquired an association with American Southern folklore which exceeds its place as a mere food fish. The image of cane-pole fishing for catfish at a proverbial lazy stream has become a stand-by of southern Americana. In some areas, the bullhead is seen as a desirable quarry, for its fighting qualities exceed its size.
Hoplosternum punctatum is the only species in Central America, as it occurs in a few rivers in Panama. Callichthyidae present the highest species richness in the headwaters of the Amazonas drainage and those rivers draining the Guiana Shield. [3] The subfamily Corydoradinae is found east of the Andes and north of the Rio de La Plata system. [5]
The flathead catfish grows to a length of 155 cm (61 in) [8] and may weigh up to 55.79 kg (123.0 lb), [9] making it the second-largest North American catfish (after the blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus). [9] More commonly, adult length is about 15–45 inches (38–114 cm). [6] Its maximum recorded lifespan is 28 years. [10]
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The redtail catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus), is a large species of South American pimelodid (long-whiskered) catfish.It is known in Venezuelan Spanish as cajaro; in Guyana, it is known as a banana catfish, and in Brazil it is known as pirarara, [3] a fusion of words from the indigenous Tupi language: pirá and arara. [4]