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The .22 long is a variety of .22 caliber (5.6 mm) rimfire ammunition.The .22 long is the second-oldest of the surviving rimfire cartridges, dating back to 1871, when it was loaded with a 29 gr (1.9 g) bullet and 5 gr (0.32 g) of black powder, 25% more than the .22 short on which it was based.
The .22 long rifle, also known as the .22 LR or 5.7×15mmR, [4] [5] is a long-established variety of .22 caliber rimfire ammunition originating from the United States. It is used in a wide range of firearms including rifles , pistols , revolvers , and submachine guns .
Using the same 40 gr (2.6 g) outside-lubricated bullet later adapted for the much more common .22 long rifle, [2] the extra long was loaded with 6 gr (389 mg) of black powder. [2] Originally, it slightly outperformed the .22 LR, but was "not noted for great accuracy", [2] while later smokeless loads achieved about the same muzzle velocity as ...
Introduced in the Winchester M1890 slide rifle, it had a flat-nose slug, and is identical to the .22 Remington Special (which differed only in having a roundnosed slug). [2] It uses a flat-based, inside-lubricated bullet, which differs from the outside-lube heeled bullet of the .22 Short, .22 Long, .22 Long Rifle, and .22 Extra Long cartridges.
The most common rimfire cartridges are chambered for .17 caliber and .22 caliber. The bullet diameter for .17 caliber firearms generally measure .172 inch (4.37 mm), while the bullet diameter for .22 caliber firearms generally measure .222 inch (5.64 mm).
This led to the .22 Long in 1871, with the same bullet weight as the short but with a longer case and 5 gr (0.32 g) of black powder. This was followed by the .22 Extra Long in 1880, with a longer case and heavier bullet than the .22 Long.
In 1887, Stevens developed the .22 LR round, [11] which served as an introductory caliber for children for decades, as well as being very popular for plinking, varmint and target shooting. The .22LR cartridge was available beginning in 1888, in the #1, #2, #9, and #10 break-top rifles, and in their New Model Pocket and Bicycle rifles.
.22 caliber, or 5.6 mm, refers to a common firearms bore diameter of 0.22 inch (5.6 mm) in both rimfire and centerfire cartridges. Cartridges in this caliber include the very widely used .22 Long Rifle and .223 Remington/5.56×45mm NATO. .22 inch is also a popular air gun pellet caliber, second only to the ubiquitous .177 caliber.