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A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five notes per octave, in contrast to heptatonic scales, which have seven notes per octave (such as the major scale and minor scale). Pentatonic scales were developed independently by many ancient civilizations [ 2 ] and are still used in various musical styles to this day.
The Pythagorean scale is any scale which can be constructed from only pure perfect fifths (3:2) and octaves (2:1). [5] In Greek music it was used to tune tetrachords, which were composed into scales spanning an octave. [6] A distinction can be made between extended Pythagorean tuning and a 12-tone Pythagorean temperament.
Some scales use a different number of pitches. A common scale in Eastern music is the pentatonic scale, which consists of five notes that span an octave. For example, in the Chinese culture, the pentatonic scale is usually used for folk music and consists of C, D, E, G and A, commonly known as gong, shang, jue, chi and yu. [14] [15]
Leichtentritt states that the melodic character resulting from the use of black keys is "based on the pentatonic scale to which the piece owes its strangely playful, attractively primitive tint." [7]: 109 He presents a melodic reduction of the right hand part which, played in octaves by piccolo and flute, resembles a frolicsome Scottish jig.
The modern keyboard is designed for playing a diatonic scale on the white keys and a pentatonic scale on the black keys. Chromatic scales involve both. Three immediately adjacent keys produce a basic chromatic tone cluster.
Octatonic scales can be found in Chopin's Mazurka, Op. 50, No. 3 and in several Liszt piano works: the closing measures of the third Étude de Concert, "Un Sospiro," for example, where (mm. 66–70) the bass contains a complete falling octatonic scale from D-flat to D-flat, in the opening piano cadenzas of Totentanz, in the lower notes between ...
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