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The genioglossus is one of the paired extrinsic muscles of the tongue. It is a fan-shaped muscle that comprises the bulk of the body of the tongue. It arises from the mental spine of the mandible; it inserts onto the hyoid bone, and the bottom of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). The genioglossus is the ...
The tongue is one of the primary articulators in the production of speech, and this is facilitated by both the extrinsic muscles that move the tongue and the intrinsic muscles that change its shape. Specifically, different vowels are articulated by changing the tongue's height and retraction to alter the resonant properties of the vocal tract .
The hypoglossal nerve provides motor control of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue: genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. [2] These represent all muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve. [2] The hypoglossal nerve is of a general somatic efferent ...
The hyoglossus is a thin and quadrilateral extrinsic muscle of the tongue. It originates from the hyoid bone; it inserts onto the side of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). It acts to depress and retract the tongue.
The palatoglossal muscle is a muscle of the soft palate and an extrinsic muscle of the tongue. Its surface is covered by oral mucosa and forms the visible palatoglossal arch . Structure
Intrinsic muscles have their origin in the part of the body that they act on, and are contained within that part. [17] Extrinsic muscles have their origin outside of the part of the body that they act on. [18] Examples are the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, and those of the hand.
The vertical muscle of the tongue is an intrinsic muscle of the tongue. Its fibers extend from the upper to the under surface of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). Its contraction flattens, widens and elongates the tongue. [citation needed]
The chondroglossus muscle is about 2 cm long. It arises from the medial side and base of the lesser horn of the hyoid bone. [1] It passes directly upward. [1] It then inserts by blending with the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, between the hyoglossus and genioglossus. [1] The chondroglossus muscle is sometimes described as a part of the ...