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Reeding of edges was introduced to prevent coin clipping and counterfeiting. [2] [3] The main techniques of coin edging are edge mills of various types, which put a pattern on a smooth edge, after a coin and coin mills with edge rings, which pattern the edge at the time when the coin is being milled.
Ephesus' great temple of Artemis has provided evidence for the earliest coins yet known from the ancient world. [nb 1] The first structures in the sanctuary, buried deep under the later temples, date back to the eighth century BCE, and from that time on precious objects were used in the cult or dedicated to the goddess by her worshippers.
By 1696 forged coins constituted approximately 10% of the nation's currency. [3] The currency also had a third problem: its value as silver bullion in Paris and Amsterdam was greater than the face value in London, and thus vast quantities of coins were melted and shipped abroad — an arbitrage market.
A Guide Book of United States Coins by R.S. Yeoman ISBN 0-7948-1790-4; 2005 Blackbook Price Guide to United States Paper Money ISBN 1-4000-4839-7 "Numismatic Terms and Methods" from the American Numismatic Society (archived 19 February 2007) The Complete Illustrated Guide to Coins & Coin Collecting by Dr. James Mackay, ISBN 0-681-45952-2
[4] [5] Some gold and silver coins were reeded to discourage clipping, i.e. scraping off the precious metals from the edge of the coin, to maintain its stated value in precious metal. [4] This practice was made more difficult through the implementation of reeding by Isaac Newton in 1698, [6] during his time as warden of the Royal Mint.
In modern practice in the United States, milling, or a milled edge, can refer to the raised edge on the coin face, applied by a special milling machine after the planchets are cut out and polished. In addition, the reeding of coins of higher value, applied by the collar holding the coin when it is stamped, can be considered part of the milled edge.
The Coinage Act of 1792 established the United States Mint and regulated the coinage of the United States. [3] The act created coins in the denominations of Half Cent (1/200 of a dollar), Cent (1/100 of a dollar, or a cent), Half Dime (also known as a half disme) (five cents), Dime (also known as a disme) (10 cents), Quarter (25 cents), Half Dollar (50 cents), Dollar, Quarter Eagle ($2.50 ...
Roman Aureus (36 BC AD Z.) with incompletely embossed pearl circle Castilian Maravedi (c 1475) with bead and reel. A pearl circle (also pearl rim or pearl ring; French grènetis, German Perlkreis, Perlrand, Perlreif) is a circular arrangement of fine, raised points or "pearls" on the edge of coins; [1] it also sometimes appears in round or oval frames.