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Most metal borides are hard; [41] however, a few stand out among them for their particularly high hardnesses (for example, WB 4, [42] [43] RuB 2, OsB 2 and ReB 2). These metal borides are still metals and not semiconductors or insulators (as indicated by their high electronic density of states at the Fermi Level ); however, the additional ...
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Manufacturers use its alloys with platinum, iridium, and other platinum-group metals to make fountain pen nib tipping, electrical contacts, and in other applications that require extreme durability and hardness. [12] Osmium is among the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, making up only 50 parts per trillion . [13] [14]
4Cr14MoV, EN 1.4117 / DIN X38CrMoV15, good enough to make kitchen knives. 5Cr15MoV, some knives manufacturers define as 5Cr13MoV, the hardness could be 55–57 HRC. It's widely used to make kitchen knives, high-end scissors, folding knives, hunting knives, etc. It is equivalent to 1.4116 and German 4116 steel in composition.
Diamond was the hardest known naturally occurring mineral when the scale was designed, and defines the top of the scale, arbitrarily set at 10. The hardness of a material is measured against the scale by finding the hardest material that the given material can scratch, or the softest material that can scratch the given material.
The strength and high-temperature stability of refractory metals make them suitable for hot metalworking applications and for vacuum furnace technology. Many special applications exploit these properties: for example, tungsten lamp filaments operate at temperatures up to 3073 K, and molybdenum furnace windings withstand 2273 K.
This is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by the metal with the highest percentage. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically.
As in the cases of other refractory metals, the hardest known compounds of tantalum are nitrides and carbides. Tantalum carbide, TaC, like the more commonly used tungsten carbide, is a hard ceramic that is used in cutting tools. Tantalum(III) nitride is used as a thin film insulator in some microelectronic fabrication processes. [38]