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Italian verbs have a high degree of inflection, the majority of which follows one of three common patterns of conjugation. Italian conjugation is affected by mood, person, tense, number, aspect and occasionally gender. The three classes of verbs (patterns of conjugation) are distinguished by the endings of the infinitive form of the verb:
The passive voice of transitive verbs is formed with essere in the perfective and prospective aspects, with venire in the progressive or habitual aspect, and with either essere or venire in the perfective aspects: Il cancello è stato appena aperto. ("The gate has just been opened.") Il cancello sta per essere aperto ("The gate is about to be ...
In other languages, most usages of English "to be" are still translated by *essere: In Italian, the infinitive essere continues Latin esse as existential 'to be', while stare has the primary meaning "to stay" and is used as a copula only in a few situations: to express one's state of physical health (sto bene "I am well"); to form progressive ...
In Italian, the broad rule of thumb is that intransitive (and reflexive) verbs take essere whereas transitive ones take avere. There are lots of exceptions, but among intransitive verbs, verbs of motion are especially likely to take essere. Sometimes it depends on how the verb is used.
The phenomenon is found in all verb tenses, including compound tenses. In those tenses, the use of si requires a form of essere (to be) as auxiliary verb. If the verb is one that otherwise selects auxiliary avere in compound constructions, the past participle does not agree with the subject in gender and number: Italian: Abbiamo mangiato al ...
Italian wedding soup combines tiny meatballs, hearty greens, and itty-bitty pasta to produce a filling, whole-meal soup, garnished with a flurry of Parmesan cheese and a drizzle of good olive oil.
Take a look through your pantry and toss expired foods. “It seems like that's too simple and obvious, but many people wait until they ‘have time’ to do a big decluttering project, while just ...
The present continuous tense has a very predictable conjugation pattern even for verbs that are typically irregular, such as essere ("to be") and avere ("to have"). For verbs with reduced infinitives, the gerund uses the same stem as the imperfect (which sometimes corresponds to the stem of the 1st person singular indicative present).
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