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Italian verbs have a high degree of inflection, the majority of which follows one of three common patterns of conjugation. Italian conjugation is affected by mood, person, tense, number, aspect and occasionally gender. The three classes of verbs (patterns of conjugation) are distinguished by the endings of the infinitive form of the verb:
In Italian, compound tenses expressing perfect aspect are formed with either auxiliary verb avere ('to have') "Conjugation of the verb avere". (Lingua-Italiana.IT). for transitive verbs and some intransitive verbs and with essere ('to be') "Conjugation of the verb essere" .
If the verb is one that otherwise selects auxiliary avere in compound constructions, the past participle does not agree with the subject in gender and number: Italian: Abbiamo mangiato al ristorante. Tuscan: S'è mangiato al ristorante. If the verb normally requires essere, the past participle is marked as plural: Italian: Siamo andati al cinema.
In Italian, there are two pluperfects in the indicative mood: the recent pluperfect (trapassato prossimo) and the remote pluperfect (trapassato remoto). The recent pluperfect is formed correspondingly to French by using the imperfect of the appropriate auxiliary verb (essere or avere) plus the past participle.
Romance verbs are the most inflected part of speech in the language family. In the transition from Latin to the Romance languages, verbs went through many phonological, syntactic, and semantic changes. Most of the distinctions present in classical Latin continued to be made, but synthetic forms were often replaced with more analytic ones. Other ...
Modal verbs in Italian are the only group of verbs allowed to follow this particular behavior. When they do not accompany other verbs, they all use avere ("to have") as a helping verb for forming the perfect. For example, the helping verb for the perfect of potere ("can") is avere ("have"), as in ho potuto (lit.
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Italian uses two verbs (essere and venire) to translate the static and the dynamic passive: Dynamic passive auxiliary verb: essere and venire (to be and to come) La porta è aperta. or La porta viene aperta. "The door is opened [by someone]" or "The door comes open [by someone]". La porta è chiusa. or La porta viene chiusa.
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related to: italian verbs essere and avere