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Plant embryonic development, also plant embryogenesis, is a process that occurs after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo.This is a pertinent stage in the plant life cycle that is followed by dormancy and germination. [1]
Wheat seed. The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following double fertilization. It is triploid (meaning three chromosome sets per nucleus) in most species, [1] which may be auxin-driven. [2] It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and ...
Photomicrograph of various seeds. In botany, a seed is a plant embryo and nutrient reserve enclosed in a seed coat, a protective outer covering called a testa. More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber.
From that point, it begins to divide to form a plant embryo through the process of embryogenesis. As this happens, the resulting cells will organize so that one end becomes the first root while the other end forms the tip of the shoot. In seed plants, the embryo will develop one or more "seed leaves" . By the end of embryogenesis, the young ...
Seed of Scouler's willow (Salix scouleriana) In botany , the radicle is the first part of a seedling (a growing plant embryo ) to emerge from the seed during the process of germination . [ 1 ] The radicle is the embryonic root of the plant, and grows downward in the soil (the shoot emerges from the plumule ).
Other seed components include the endosperm, which is tissue rich in nutrients that will help support the growing plant embryo, and the seed coat, which is a protective outer covering. The first cell division of a zygote is asymmetric, resulting in an embryo with one small cell (the apical cell) and one large cell (the basal cell). [22]
An epicotyl is important for the beginning stages of a plant's life. It is the region of a seedling stem above the stalks of the seed leaves of an embryo plant. It grows rapidly, showing hypogeal germination, and extends the stem above the soil surface.
When seeds are formed, most plants store a food reserve with the seed, such as starch, proteins, or oils. This food reserve provides nourishment to the growing embryo. When the seed imbibes water, hydrolytic enzymes are activated which break down these stored food resources into metabolically useful chemicals. [2]