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They are situated at the base of the crista. A mitochondrial contact site cristae organizing system (MICOS) protein complex occupies the crista junction. Proteins like OPA1 are involved in cristae remodeling. [5] Crista are traditionally sorted by shapes into lamellar, tubular, and vesicular cristae. [6] They appear in different cell types.
This ratio is variable and mitochondria from cells that have a greater demand for ATP, such as muscle cells, contain even more cristae. Cristae membranes are studded on the matrix side with small round protein complexes known as F 1 particles, the site of proton-gradient driven ATP synthesis. Cristae affect overall chemiosmotic function of ...
The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, [19] whereas a liver cell can have more than 2000. [20] [21] The mitochondrion is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions.
Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPA1 gene. [5] [6] This protein regulates mitochondrial fusion and cristae structure in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and contributes to ATP synthesis and apoptosis, [7] [8] [9] and small, round mitochondria. [10]
OPA1 blocks intramitochondrial cytochrome c redistribution which proceeds remodeling of the cristae. OPA1 functions to protect cells with mitochondrial dysfunction due to Mfn deficiencies, doubly for those lacking Mfn1 and Mfn2, but it plays a greater role in cells with only Mfn1 deficiencies as opposed to Mfn2 deficiencies.
In eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial cristae. It comprises the electron transport chain that establishes a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the boundary of the inner membrane by oxidizing the NADH produced from the Krebs cycle. ATP is synthesized by the ATP synthase enzyme when the chemiosmotic ...
IMMT encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein in the nucleus. It is posttranslational transported to the IMM. Mic60/Mitofilin (encoded by the IMMT gene) is a core subunit of the MICOS-complex, directly located next to cristae junctions (CJ). Human Mic60 exists in two isoforms of different size, anchored to the IMM via its N ...
This part of the enzyme is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and couples proton translocation to the rotation that causes ATP synthesis in the F 1 region. In eukaryotes, mitochondrial F O forms membrane-bending dimers. These dimers self-arrange into long rows at the end of the cristae, possibly the first step of cristae formation. [12]