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  2. Grade inflation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_inflation

    Washington and Lee had an average GPA of 3.27 in 2006 and Swarthmore's graduates had a mean GPA of 3.24 in 1997. [35] To clarify the grades on its graduates' transcripts, Reed College includes a card, the current edition of which reports that "The average GPA for all students in 2013–14 was 3.15 on a 4.00 scale. This figure has increased by ...

  3. p-value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value

    In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value [note 1] is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct. [2] [3] A very small p-value means that such an extreme observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothesis.

  4. Grading systems by country - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country

    So if one scores a 58/64 on a test their score is calculated as following: 58 / 64 * 9 + 1 = 9.2. Sometimes points are deducted for the number of faults on a test (typically, on vocabulary or topographical tests with more than 10 questions, each fault will nonetheless lead to a reduction in score of one.

  5. Philadelphia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia

    Scores on the state's standardized test, the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) trended upward from 2005 to 2011 but subsequently decreased. In 2005, the district-run schools scored an average of 37.4% on math and 35.5% on reading. The city's schools reached their peak scores in 2011 with 59.0% on math and 52.3% on reading.

  6. Graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph

    Graph (discrete mathematics), a structure made of vertices and edges Graph theory, the study of such graphs and their properties; Graph (topology), a topological space resembling a graph in the sense of discrete mathematics; Graph of a function; Graph of a relation; Graph paper; Chart, a means of representing data (also called a graph)

  7. Historical rankings of presidents of the United States ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of...

    The results of all four C-SPAN surveys have been fairly consistent. Abraham Lincoln has taken the highest ranking in each survey and George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Theodore Roosevelt have always ranked in the top five while James Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, and Franklin Pierce have been ranked at the bottom of all four surveys.

  8. Logistic regression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_regression

    Logistic regression is a supervised machine learning algorithm widely used for binary classification tasks, such as identifying whether an email is spam or not and diagnosing diseases by assessing the presence or absence of specific conditions based on patient test results. This approach utilizes the logistic (or sigmoid) function to transform ...

  9. University of California, Berkeley - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California...

    The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) [10] [11] is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California, United States.. Founded in 1868 and named after the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley, it is the state's first land-grant university and is the founding campus of the University of California sys