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Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas such as transportation and distribution networks.
The Greek city of Miletus was rebuilt after destruction by the Persians on a grid plan, with Hippodamus – often called "the father of European urban planning" [10] – as the local originator of the rectilinear grid system for the city centered on the agora, a concept he probably did not invent, but had heard about from elsewhere.
The Belgian capital Brussels followed suit in the late 1800s, and conducted an extensive demolition and renovation, but on a smaller scale compared to Paris. Brussels carved out new central boulevards that were straight lined and flanked by Haussmann style rows of apartments.
Monkkonen, Eric H. America Becomes Urban: The Development of U.S. Cities and Towns, 1780-1980 (1990), 336pp; Rubin, Jasper. "Planning and American Urbanization since 1950." in Craig E. Colten and Geoffrey L. Buckley, eds. North American Odyssey: Historical Geographies for the Twenty-first Century (2014): 395-412; Schlesinger, Arthur M.
In this sense he can be viewed as prefiguring the work of seminal urban thinkers such as Jane Jacobs, and region-specific planning movements such as New Urbanism, encouraging the planner to consider the situation, inherent virtue and potential in a given site, rather than "an abstract ideal that could be imposed by authority or force from the ...
The L'Enfant Plan [3] for the city of Washington, D.C. is the urban plan developed in 1791 by Major Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant for George Washington, the first president of the United States. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] It is regarded as a landmark in urban design and has inspired plans for other world capitals such as Brasília , New Delhi , and Canberra .
In 1682, William Penn founded Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, planning it as a city to serve as a port on the Delaware River and as a place for government.Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards.
The layout and design of Perth was influenced by the urban planning principles of the time, the colonial experience in Australia and elsewhere, and the practicalities of administrating land grants. Historian Geoffrey Bolton identifies the New Town, Edinburgh as the model for the Perth layout. [11]