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The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
The first scale for measuring earthquake magnitudes, developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter and popularly known as the "Richter" scale, is actually the Local magnitude scale, label ML or M L. [11] Richter established two features now common to all magnitude scales.
This magnitude scale is related to the local magnitude scale proposed by Charles Francis Richter in 1935, with modifications from both Richter and Beno Gutenberg throughout the 1940s and 1950s. [1] [2] It is currently used in People's Republic of China as a national standard (GB 17740-1999) for categorising earthquakes. [3]
The original "body-wave magnitude" – mB or m B (uppercase "B") – was developed by Gutenberg (1945b, 1945c) and Gutenberg & Richter (1956) [2] to overcome the distance and magnitude limitations of the M L scale inherent in the use of surface waves. mB is based on the P- and S-waves, measured over a longer period, and does not saturate until ...
Similar to the local magnitude/Richter scale (M L ) defined by Charles Francis Richter in 1935, it uses a logarithmic scale; small earthquakes have approximately the same magnitudes on both scales. Despite the difference, news media often use the term "Richter scale" when referring to the moment magnitude scale.
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Unlike the Richter and moment magnitude scales, it is not a measure of the total energy (magnitude, or size) of an earthquake, but rather of how much the earth shakes at a given geographic point. The Mercalli intensity scale uses personal reports and observations to measure earthquake intensity but PGA is measured by instruments, such as ...