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The colon (progressing from the ascending colon to the transverse, the descending and finally the sigmoid colon) is the longest portion of the large intestine, and the terms "large intestine" and "colon" are often used interchangeably, but most sources define the large intestine as the combination of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
A human colon is considered abnormally enlarged if it has a diameter greater than 12 cm [3] in the cecum (it is usually less than 9 cm [4]), greater than 6.5 cm [3] in the rectosigmoid region and greater than 8 cm [3] for the ascending colon. The transverse colon is usually less than 6 cm in diameter. [4] A megacolon can be either acute or ...
Volvulus can also arise as a rare complication in persons with redundant colon, a normal anatomic variation resulting in extra colonic loops. [12] Sigmoid volvulus is the most-common form of volvulus of the gastrointestinal tract. [13] and is responsible for 8% of all intestinal obstructions.
The sigmoid colon is completely surrounded by peritoneum (and thus is not retroperitoneal), which forms a mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon), which diminishes in length from the center toward the ends of the loop, where it disappears, so that the loop is fixed at its junctions with the iliac colon and rectum, but enjoys a considerable range of movement in its central portion.
This typically is associated with anatomic issues such as a redundant sigmoid colon or a transverse colon which prevents complete advancement of the colonoscope to the cecum. During an ELVIS procedure one proceduralist attempts a standard colonoscopy in the operating room with the patient under anesthesia.
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.
Sigmoidocele (also known as pouch of Douglas descent) is a medical condition in which a herniation of peritoneum containing loops of redundant sigmoid colon descends (prolapses) into the rectouterine pouch (in females), between the rectum and the vagina. [1] [2] This can obstruct the rectum and cause obstructed defecation syndrome. [3]
Dolichocolon is an abnormally long large intestine. [1] It should not be confused with an abnormally wide large intestine, which is called a megacolon. [citation needed] ...