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The colon (progressing from the ascending colon to the transverse, the descending and finally the sigmoid colon) is the longest portion of the large intestine, and the terms "large intestine" and "colon" are often used interchangeably, but most sources define the large intestine as the combination of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
Volvulus can also arise as a rare complication in persons with redundant colon, a normal anatomic variation resulting in extra colonic loops. [12] Sigmoid volvulus is the most-common form of volvulus of the gastrointestinal tract. [13] and is responsible for 8% of all intestinal obstructions.
Dolichocolon is an abnormally long large intestine. [1] It should not be confused with an abnormally wide large intestine, which is called a megacolon. [citation needed] ...
A human colon is considered abnormally enlarged if it has a diameter greater than 12 cm [3] in the cecum (it is usually less than 9 cm [4]), greater than 6.5 cm [3] in the rectosigmoid region and greater than 8 cm [3] for the ascending colon. The transverse colon is usually less than 6 cm in diameter. [4] A megacolon can be either acute or ...
Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare condition when pain occurs due to transposition of a loop of large intestine (usually transverse colon) in between the diaphragm and the liver, visible on plain abdominal X-ray or chest X-ray. [1] Normally this causes no symptoms, and this is called Chilaiditi's sign. The sign can be permanently present, or ...
The sigmoid colon is completely surrounded by peritoneum (and thus is not retroperitoneal), which forms a mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon), which diminishes in length from the center toward the ends of the loop, where it disappears, so that the loop is fixed at its junctions with the iliac colon and rectum, but enjoys a considerable range of movement in its central portion.
This typically is associated with anatomic issues such as a redundant sigmoid colon or a transverse colon which prevents complete advancement of the colonoscope to the cecum. During an ELVIS procedure one proceduralist attempts a standard colonoscopy in the operating room with the patient under anesthesia.
Ileum, caecum and colon of rabbit, showing Appendix vermiformis on fully functional caecum The human vermiform appendix on the vestigial caecum. The appendix was once believed to be a vestige of a redundant organ that in ancestral species had digestive functions, much as it still does in extant species in which intestinal flora hydrolyze cellulose and similar indigestible plant materials. [10]