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  2. Sliding filament theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_filament_theory

    The first muscle protein discovered was myosin by a German scientist Willy Kühne, who extracted and named it in 1864. [7] In 1939 a Russian husband and wife team Vladimir Alexandrovich Engelhardt and Militsa Nikolaevna Lyubimova discovered that myosin had an enzymatic (called ATPase) property that can break down ATP to release energy. [8]

  3. Frank–Starling law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank–Starling_law

    As a larger volume of blood flows into the ventricle, the blood stretches cardiac muscle, leading to an increase in the force of contraction. The Frank-Starling mechanism allows the cardiac output to be synchronized with the venous return, arterial blood supply and humoral length, [ 2 ] without depending upon external regulation to make ...

  4. Stretch reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch_reflex

    The stretch reflex (myotatic reflex), or more accurately "muscle stretch reflex", is a muscle contraction in response to stretching a muscle. The function of the reflex is generally thought to be maintaining the muscle at a constant length but the response is often coordinated across multiple muscles and even joints. [ 1 ]

  5. Muscle spindle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_spindle

    Muscle spindles are stretch receptors within the body of a skeletal muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of the muscle. They convey length information to the central nervous system via afferent nerve fibers .

  6. Tendon reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendon_reflex

    The term "deep tendon reflex", if it refers to the muscle stretch reflex, is a misnomer. "Tendons have little to do with the response, other than being responsible for mechanically transmitting the sudden stretch from the reflex hammer to the muscle spindle.

  7. Stretching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretching

    Stretching is a form of physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon (or muscle group) is deliberately expanded and flexed in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and achieve comfortable muscle tone. [1]

  8. Patellar reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_reflex

    Striking of the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer just below the patella stretches the muscle spindle in the quadriceps muscle. [2] [3] This produces a signal which travels back to the spinal cord and synapses (without interneurons) at the level of L3 or L4 in the spinal cord, completely independent of higher centres. [4]

  9. Active stretching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_stretching

    Active stretching eliminates force and its adverse effects from stretching procedures or it can also be defined as a stretch that requires you to retain a posture without any help other than the strength of your agonist's muscles is known as an active stretch. Active stretching stimulates and prepares muscles for use during exercise.

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