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The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula (sometimes known as the NNG formula) relates the baryon number B, the strangeness S, the isospin I 3 of quarks and hadrons to the electric charge Q. It was originally given by Kazuhiko Nishijima and Tadao Nakano in 1953, [ 1 ] and led to the proposal of strangeness as a concept, which Nishijima originally ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 23 November 2024. Chemical element with atomic number 10 (Ne) This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Neon (disambiguation). Chemical element with atomic number 10 (Ne) Neon, 10 Ne Neon Appearance colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in an electric field ...
Atomic numbers (Z) are a special case of charge numbers, referring to the charge number of an atomic nucleus, as opposed to the net charge of an atom or ion. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles ) are written in superscript, e.g., Na + is a sodium ion with charge number positive one (an electric charge of one elementary ...
Neon has a high first ionization potential of 21.564 eV, which is only exceeded by that of helium (24.587 eV), requiring too much energy to make stable ionic compounds. Neon's polarisability of 0.395 Å 3 is the second lowest of any element (only helium's is more extreme).
All quantities are in Gaussian units except energy and temperature which are in electronvolts.For the sake of simplicity, a single ionic species is assumed. The ion mass is expressed in units of the proton mass, = / and the ion charge in units of the elementary charge, = / (in the case of a fully ionized atom, equals to the respective atomic number).
Ionic potential is the ratio of the electrical charge (z) to the radius (r) of an ion. [1]= = As such, this ratio is a measure of the charge density at the surface of the ion; usually the denser the charge, the stronger the bond formed by the ion with ions of opposite charge.
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Buckingham proposed this as a simplification of the Lennard-Jones potential, in a theoretical study of the equation of state for gaseous helium, neon and argon. [1] As explained in Buckingham's original paper and, e.g., in section 2.2.5 of Jensen's text, [2] the repulsion is due to the interpenetration of the closed electron shells.