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Wernicke's area (/ ˈ v ɛər n ɪ k ə /; German: [ˈvɛɐ̯nɪkə]), also called Wernicke's speech area, is one of the two parts of the cerebral cortex that are linked to speech, the other being Broca's area. It is involved in the comprehension of written and spoken language, in contrast to Broca's area, which is primarily involved in the ...
Diagram of Broca's and Wernicke's area of Human Brain. Items portrayed in this file depicts. brain. Wernicke's area. Broca's area. creator. some value. author name ...
The superior temporal gyrus also includes Wernicke's area, which (in most people) is located in the left hemisphere. It is the major area involved in the comprehension of language. The superior temporal gyrus is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition. [2] [3]
Diagram labeling planum temporale in green. The planum temporale is the cortical area just posterior to the auditory cortex ( Heschl's gyrus ) within the Sylvian fissure . [ 1 ] It is a triangular region which forms the heart of Wernicke's area , one of the most important functional areas for language. [ 2 ]
Lesions to Broca's Area result primarily in disruptions to speech production. Damage to Wernicke's area, located in the lower part of the temporal lobe, mainly leads to speech reception disruptions. This area was named for German doctor Carl Wernicke, who discovered it in 1874 in the course of his research into aphasias (loss of ability to speak).
Damage to the dominant hemisphere (usually the left hemisphere) results in aphasia (i.e. Broca's area or Wernicke's) Damage to the non-dominant hemisphere (usually the right hemisphere) results in contralateral neglect syndrome, inaccurate localization in the half field, impaired ability to judge distance (nondominant parietal lobe).
Area 36 – Part of the perirhinal cortex (in the rhinal sulcus) Area 37 – Fusiform gyrus; Area 38 – Temporopolar area (most rostral part of the superior and middle temporal gyri) Area 39 – Angular gyrus, considered by some to be part of Wernicke's area; Area 40 – Supramarginal gyrus considered by some to be part of Wernicke's area
The model is known as the Wernicke–Geschwind model. For listening to and understanding spoken words, the sounds of the words are sent through the auditory pathways to area 41, which is the primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus). From there, they continue to Wernicke's area, where the meaning of the words is extracted.