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Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping. The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship.
The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value into weight. Traditionally, various measurement rules have been in use, giving various measures in long tons. [1]
Tonnage – a number derived from any of several methods to calculate the volume or other number indicative of a ship's cargo carrying capacity. Gross tonnage – GT – Not expressible in units of mass or weight but is based on the total volume of the vessel in cubic meter with a formula applied.
Many shipping services, especially air carriers, use dimensional weight for calculating the price, which takes into account both weight and volume of the cargo. For example, bulk coal long-distance rates in America are approximately 1 cent/ton-mile. [2] So a 100 car train, each carrying 100 tons, over a distance of 1000 miles, would cost $100,000.
This is a list of container ships with a capacity larger than 20,000 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Container ships have been built in increasingly larger sizes to take advantage of economies of scale and reduce expense as part of intermodal freight transport. Container ships are also subject to certain limitations in size. Primarily ...
Ship-owners and buyers negotiate scrap prices based on factors such as the ship's empty weight (called light ton displacement or LTD) and prices in the scrap metal market. [70] Scrapping rates are volatile, the price per light ton displacement has swung from a high of $650 per LTD in mid-2008 to $200 per LTD in early 2009, before building to ...
The gross tonnage calculation is defined in Regulation 3 of Annex 1 of The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969. [3] It is based on two variables, and is ultimately an increasing one-to-one function of ship volume: V, the ship's total volume in cubic metres (m 3), and; K, a multiplier based on the ship volume.
For example, passenger ferry of a given size would require substantially more work to build than a bulk carrier of the same size due to the differing design requirements, internal structure, and required level of detail, but simply comparing the gross tonnage or deadweight of each ship would incorrectly show that they took the same amount of ...