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This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell.
In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit that electrons follow around an atom's nucleus.The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on further and further from the nucleus.
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5 (predicted) This group has a defining characteristic whereby each component element has 5 electrons in its valence shell, that is, 2 electrons in the s sub-shell and 3 unpaired electrons in the p sub-shell.
The third shell contains one 3s orbital, three 3p orbitals, and five 3d orbitals, and thus has a capacity of 2×1 + 2×3 + 2×5 = 18. The fourth shell contains one 4s orbital, three 4p orbitals, five 4d orbitals, and seven 4f orbitals, thus leading to a capacity of 2×1 + 2×3 + 2×5 + 2×7 = 32. [ 30 ]
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 (predicted) The noble gases have full valence electron shells . Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are normally the only electrons that participate in chemical bonding .
2, 8, 18, 18: Physical properties ... 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2 ... as has been recognized by the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and ...
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3 (predicted) The boron group is notable for trends in the electron configuration, as shown above, and in some of its elements' characteristics. Boron differs from the other group members in its hardness , refractivity and reluctance to participate in metallic bonding.
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2 (predicted) The group 12 elements are all soft, diamagnetic , divalent metals. They have the lowest melting points among all transition metals . [ 8 ]