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In computing, Machine Check Architecture (MCA) is an Intel and AMD mechanism in which the CPU reports hardware errors to the operating system.. Intel's P6 and Pentium 4 family processors, AMD's K7 and K8 family processors, as well as the Itanium architecture implement a machine check architecture that provides a mechanism for detecting and reporting hardware (machine) errors, such as: system ...
On Linux, the kernel writes messages about MCEs to the kernel message log and the system console. When the MCEs are not fatal, they will also typically be copied to the system log and/or systemd journal. For some systems, ECC and other correctable errors may be reported through MCE facilities. [5] Example:
A general protection fault (GPF) in the x86 instruction set architectures (ISAs) is a fault (a type of interrupt) initiated by ISA-defined protection mechanisms in response to an access violation caused by some running code, either in the kernel or a user program.
Blue screen errors have existed since the first beta release of Windows 1.0; if Windows found a newer DOS version than it expected, the boot screen would have the text "Incorrect DOS version" alongside other messages detailing what check failed to pass appended into it before starting normally. [4]
The IBM PC (BIOS and MS-DOS runtime) does not follow the official Intel layout beyond the first five exception vectors implemented in the original 8086. Interrupt 5 is already used for handling the Print Screen key, IRQ 0-7 is mapped to INT_NUM 0x08-0x0F, and BIOS is using most of the vectors in the 0x10-0x1F range as part of its API.
A hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is an abstraction layer, implemented in software, between the physical hardware of a computer and the software that runs on that computer. . Its function is to hide differences in hardware from most of the operating system kernel, so that most of the kernel-mode code does not need to be changed to run on systems with different hardwa
This is in contrast to package decay-induced soft errors, which do not change with location. [5] As chip density increases, Intel expects the errors caused by cosmic rays to increase and become a limiting factor in design. [4] The average rate of cosmic-ray soft errors is inversely proportional to sunspot activity.
SMM is a special-purpose operating mode provided for handling system-wide functions like power management, system hardware control, or proprietary OEM designed code. It is intended for use only by system firmware (BIOS or UEFI), not by applications software or general-purpose systems software. The main benefit of SMM is that it offers a ...