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The year-end price for tellurium in 2000 was US$30 per kilogram. In recent years, the tellurium price was driven up by increased demand and limited supply, reaching as high as US$220 per pound in 2006. [39] [40] The average annual price for 99.99%-pure tellurium increased from $38 per kilogram in 2017 to $74 per kilogram in 2018. [11]
At the present time, the prices of the raw materials cadmium and tellurium are a negligible proportion of the cost of CdTe solar cells and other CdTe devices. However, tellurium is a relatively rare element (1–5 parts per billion in the Earth's crust; see Abundances of the elements (data page)).
Cadmium zinc telluride, (CdZnTe) or CZT, is a compound of cadmium, zinc and tellurium or, more strictly speaking, an alloy of cadmium telluride and zinc telluride.A direct bandgap semiconductor, it is used in a variety of applications, including semiconductor radiation detectors, photorefractive gratings, electro-optic modulators, solar cells, and terahertz generation and detection.
Layers consist of two atomic sheets of antimony and three atomic sheets of tellurium and are held together by weak van der Waals forces. Sb 2 Te 3 is a narrow-gap semiconductor with a band gap 0.21 eV; it is also a topological insulator, and thus exhibits thickness-dependent physical properties. [1]
The main source of tellurium is from copper anode slimes, which contain precious metals as well as various tellurides. These slimes are roasted with sodium carbonate and oxygen to produce sodium tellurite. [1] Ag 2 Te + Na 2 CO 3 + O 2 → 2Ag + Na 2 TeO 3 + CO 2 (400–500 °C) This is a reaction with silver telluride.
Bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3) is a gray powder that is a compound of bismuth and tellurium also known as bismuth(III) telluride. It is a semiconductor, which, when alloyed with antimony or selenium, is an efficient thermoelectric material for refrigeration or portable power generation.
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The synthesis of GeTe nanocrystals of average size of 8, 17, and 100 nm involves divalent Ge(II) chloride – 1,4 dioxane complex and bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]Ge (II) and trioctylphosphine-tellurium in a solvent such as 1,2-dichlorobenzene or phenyl ether. Ge(II) reduction kinetics has been thought to determine the GeTe formation.