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Infectious tenosynovitis is the infection of closed synovial sheaths in the flexor tendons of the fingers. It is usually caused by trauma, but bacteria can spread from other sites of the body. Although tenosynovitis usually affects the flexor tendon of the fingers, the disease can also affect the extensor tendons occasionally. [5]
It is more common in older adults, with the mean age between 70 and 80 years in most studies. [4] [5] It occurs more often in men than in women with a 2:1 ratio. [4] [6] [7] It is unknown how common this condition is.
[3]: 102 Extra-articular tumors are usually found in the knee, thigh, and foot. [ 3 ] : 101 Symptoms include swelling, pain, sensitivity, and/or limited range of motion. [ 3 ] : 102 The rate of reoccurrence is estimated to be 18-46% for intra-articular tumors and 33-50% for extra-articular tumors.
A rheumatologist will aim to diagnose the cause of the patient’s pain by first determining whether it is inside the joint itself, meaning true synovitis, or if it is actually caused by an inflammation of the tendons, referred to as tendonitis. Imaging, such as an MRI or musculoskeletal ultrasound is often required to make a firm diagnosis.
Foot injuries including plantar fasciitis is another source of pain which is associated with-standing for long periods. [ 1 ] [ 6 ] There are three major tendons that maintain stability at the ankle joint; anterior extensors , medial flexors and lateral peroneal , these tendons facilitate movement around the ankle, foot and toes. [ 18 ]
It should not be confused with sciatica, a condition describing hip and lower back pain much more common to adults than transient synovitis but with similar signs and symptoms. Transient synovitis usually affects children between three and ten years old (but it has been reported in a 3-month-old infant and in some adults [3]). It is the most ...
In later stages, the arches collapse, the ankle rolls inwards, and the ankle joint begins to degenerate. Often toes are flared due to the valgus alignment of the foot. The patient will often lose the ability to raise their heel in the affected limb. [1] [2] [3]
In adults the most common joint affected is the knee. [12] Hip, shoulder, wrist and elbow joints are less commonly affected. [13] Spine, sternoclavicular and sacroiliac joints can also be involved. The most common cause of arthritis in these joints is intravenous drug use. [11] Usually, only one joint is affected.