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For example, sabinene contributes to the spicy taste of black pepper, 3-carene gives cannabis an earthy taste and smell, citral has a lemon-like pleasant odor and contributes to the distinctive smell of citrus fruits, and thujene and carvacrol are responsible for the pungent flavors of summer savory and oregano, respectively.
While sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids contain additional functional groups, usually containing oxygen. [1] When combined with the hydrocarbon terpenes, terpenoids comprise about 80,000 compounds. [2] They are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, representing about 60% of known natural products. [3]
A terpene is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon based on combinations of the isoprene unit. Terpenoids are compounds related to terpenes, which may include some oxygen functionality or some rearrangement, however the two terms are often used interchangeably.
Terpenes are classified by the number of carbons: monoterpenes (C 10), sesquiterpenes (C 15), diterpenes (C 20), as examples. The terpene alpha-pinene is a major component of the common solvent, turpentine. The one terpene that has major applications is natural rubber (i.e., polyisoprene).
The vast heterogeneity of structures underlying this class of compounds makes generalizations difficult; they're a subclass of terpenoids, oxygenated derivatives of terpene hydrocarbons. Terpenes in turn are formally made up of five-carbon isoprene units (The alternate steroid base is a terpene missing a few carbon atoms). Derivatives are ...
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orange pigments . α-Carotene – to vitamin A carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange.; β-Carotene – to vitamin A dark, leafy greens, red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
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