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Anusvara (Sanskrit: अनुस्वार, IAST: anusvāra), also known as Bindu (Hindi: बिंदु), is a symbol used in many Indic scripts to mark a type of nasal sound, typically transliterated ṃ or ṁ in standards like ISO 15919 and IAST. Depending on its location in the word and the language for which it is used, its exact ...
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) ... anusvara: ः ḥ Ḥ visarga: ँ m̐ M̐ chandrabindu [4] ऽ ' avagraha: Consonants velars palatals
Since /-s/ is a common inflectional suffix (of nominative singular, second person singular, etc.), visarga appears frequently in Sanskrit texts. In the traditional order of Sanskrit sounds, visarga and anusvāra appear between vowels and stop consonants. The precise pronunciation of visarga in Vedic texts may vary between Śākhās.
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a subset of the ISO 15919 standard, used for the transliteration of Sanskrit, Prakrit and Pāḷi into Roman script with diacritics. IAST is a widely used standard. It uses diacritics to disambiguate phonetically similar but not identical Sanskrit glyphs. For example, dental and ...
Sanskrit also includes the syllabic consonants ṛ and ḷ, which are treated as vowels and may be short or long. Sanskrit transcription also requires two additional diacritics, the anusvara 𑪖 , which indicates that a vowel is nasalised, and the visarga 𑪗 , which indicates post-vocalic aspiration. [4] 𑩐𑩙
If the vowel sound is not explicitly indicated, the short 'a' is assumed. Diacritic marks are used to indicate other vowels, as well as the anusvara and visarga. A virama can be used to indicate that the consonant letter stands alone with no vowel, which sometimes happens at the end of Sanskrit words.
When transliterating Sanskrit, the difference of IAST vs. ISO 15919 is really splitting hairs: to people who know Sanskrit, it won't matter whether they see ṛ or r̥ because the meaning is obvious either way, and to people who don't, it own't matter either, because they'll just see an r with some diacritic speck.
Sanskrit text encoded in the Harvard-Kyoto convention can be unambiguously converted to Devanāgarī, with two exceptions: Harvard-Kyoto does not distinguish अइ (a followed by i, in separate syllables, i.e. in hiatus) from ऐ (the diphthong ai) or अउ (a followed by u) from औ (the diphthong au). However such a vowel hiatus would occur ...