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The hectograph, gelatin duplicator or jellygraph is a printing process that involves transfer of an original, prepared with special inks, to a pan of gelatin or a gelatin pad pulled tight on a metal frame. [1] While the original use of the technology has diminished, it has recently been revived for use in the art world.
Reproduction of Jefferson's polygraph at the Smithsonian Institution One of the polygraphs used by Thomas Jefferson, a portable version. A Polygraph is a duplicating device that produces a copy of a piece of writing simultaneously with the creation of the original, using pens and ink.
Digital Duplicators (also called CopyPrinters, e.g., Riso and Gestetner) Typewriter-based copying methods Carbon paper; Blueprint typewriter ribbon; Carbonless copy paper; Photographic processes: Reflex copying process (also reflectography, reflexion copying) Breyertype, Playertype, Manul Process, Typon Process, Dexigraph, Linagraph ...
The duplicator was pioneered by Thomas Edison and David Gestetner, with Gestetner dominating the market up until the late 1990s. Like the typewriter , these machines were products of the second phase of the Industrial Revolution which started near the end of the 19th century (also called the Second Industrial Revolution ). [ 1 ]
Unlike spirit duplicators (where the only ink available is depleted from the master image), mimeograph technology works by forcing a replenishable supply of ink through the stencil master. In theory, the mimeography process could be continued indefinitely, especially if a durable stencil master were used (e.g. a thin metal foil).
Drafting pantograph in use Pantograph used for scaling a picture. The red shape is traced and enlarged. Pantograph 3d rendering. A pantograph (from Greek παντ- 'all, every' and γραφ- 'to write', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical ...
The Gestetner Cyclograph was a stencil-method duplicator that used a thin sheet of paper coated with wax (originally kite paper was used), which was written upon with a special stylus that left a broken line through the stencil, removing the paper's wax coating. Ink was forced through the stencil (originally by an ink roller), and it left its ...
David Gestetner (31 March 1854 – 8 March 1939) was the inventor of the Gestetner stencil duplicator, the first piece of office equipment that allowed production of numerous copies of documents quickly and inexpensively.